Are Learners With Besd Supported In Secondary School Education Essay

There are a figure of footings to delineate researchers with conduct inconveniences. In prior mature ages they were classified as being maladjusted characterized by The Underwood Committee Report on Maladjusted Children in 1995 as â€Å" a people connection at an impossible to miss clasp to individuals and fortunes which make up his condition † . This was in this manner prevailing by Emotional Behavioral Difficulties ( EBD ) as alluded to in the Particular Educational Needs ; Report of the commission of Enquiry Into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People ( The Warnock Report ) ; HMSO ( 1978 ) . The Elton Report ( 1989 ) expressed a child had EBD when they demonstrated â€Å" awful and steady conduct employments as a result of passionate or neurological annoyance with the end goal that their requests can non be met in a standard school † , Elton Report ( 1989 p.42 refered to in Wood, 1995, p14 ) . Inside this announcement I as of now notice the notice of interest for EBD understudies ‘ to be taught outside of â€Å" customary schools † , propelling the interest for prohibition or resettlement to bounce provider of guidance. This definition does non see the unpredictability of impacts that add to the conduct itself. SEN codification of example This was accordingly supplanted by conduct, passionate and A ; cultural difficulties ( BESD ) recognized in the SEN codification of example as: â€Å" Children and juvenile individuals who exhibit attributes of conduct and enthusiastic difficulties who are pulled back or disconnected, crazy and troubling, overactive and need fixation ; those with youthful cultural achievements ; and those demonstrating goal-oriented practices beginning from other complex specific requests. † ( DfES,2001a: 7:60 refered to in Capel, Leask and A ; Turner, 2009 ) . Some of the time the way that the understudy has a SEN and the praised crazy conduct is the result is every now and again ignored. The power per unit regions of the guidance framework because of the inflexibility of the course of study, requests on raising achievement, low staffing proportions and clasp restrictions, teachers decipher hard conduct as unconventionally harrowing because of the entirety of clasp spent on social issues rather than learning and larning as bolstered by Bennett ( 2006 ) . It is this refutation that has raised worry for this curious gathering and their consideration in the central model of the guidance framework. The Department for Children Schools and A ; Families ( DCSF ) , Statistical First Release ( SFR ) ( 2009 ) detailed an ascent of 7 % in enduring rejections from 2001/02 to 2003/04 with enduring prohibitions making 8430, which so fell back to 7000 of every 2007/08 inside region financed optional schools. The investigation other than recognized that ; â€Å" Students with SEN ( both with and without articulations ) are more than multiple times bound to be for acceptable prohibited than those understudies with no SEN. In 2007/08, 33 in each 10,000 understudies with proclamations of SEN and 38 in each 10,000 understudies with SEN without articulations were for acceptable avoided from school. This contrasts and 4 in each 10,000 understudies with no SEN. The figures show a touch of reducing in the pace of fixed period prohibitions in auxiliary schools for those understudies with SEN contrasted and the old twelvemonth. In 2007/08, the pace of fixed period rejection for those understudies with explanations was 30.8 percent ; the rate for those with SEN without articulations was 28.9 percent. This looks at to 5.1 percent for those understudies with no SEN. † ( DCSF SFR, 2009 ) . I found the most significant aspect of this examination is the heft of rejections both enduring and fixed period, where as an outcome of tireless crazy conduct. This added to a solid 31 % to every single enduring rejection during 2007/08 in region supported auxiliary schools in the UK ( DCSF SFR, 2009 ) as regularly connected with BESD researchers. This was double that of the accompanying significant supporter being physical ambush on another understudy. Having taken a gander at these figures clearly the consideration of BESD understudies ‘ is still extremely much a high priority nation, sing the sheer volume of rejections they speak to. As an after measure I have to investigate what practices and strategies are being placed in topographic point to help chop down this figure.It is obvious that BESD plainly stands apart from other SEN handles. Numerous inside the guidance framework despite everything stay not well characterized on the most proficient method to pull off researche rs whose SEN all the time appears to require retaliatory activity, possibly including rejection. It is strange to see a school arrangement that suggested a punitory reaction for a researcher who showed inconvenience in perusing as an outcome of a realized procurement inconvenience. On the off chance that this were so all researchers perceived as holding a SEN with subjective harm like dyslexia, would be at continuous danger of rejection simply due to their SEN. Practically they would hold their requests met by an individualized program, including additional assets, larning support, additional clasp stipends, ICT handiness and considerably more. ( Null, 2008 ) .If an understudy is recognized as holding BESD falls quarry to the prohibition discipline, is this a thought on the schools powerlessness to pull off and back up that understudy fail to run into the interest of the National Curriculum ‘s Inclusion Policy. Is it still adequate to express that now and again prohibition mig ht be the solitary alternative non in the feeling of â€Å" gaining free † as its negative intension suggests, yet to place the researcher in a domain that will be better prepared to vouch their privilege to a guidance. Already I felt that rejection was an organization of venturing out on researchers to a progressively fit obtaining condition where they will hold better help. Having encountered the opposite side of prohibition, I question this move. There is turning worry over the capacity of substitute commissariats to run into the requests of the researchers in notice to the frequence of Sessionss accessible and the idea of the instructive possibilities on offer ( Gray and Panter, 2000 ) . Should more be done to hinder rejection, schools mirror the development and guidelines of the general public we live in and in the event that we can non learn BESD students how to get by inside the bounds of a school, how are they to pull off in the public eye where there is tiny help. Prohibition denies researchers of cultural connection and a high level of guidance, expanding the chances of them going alienated, taking segment in against cultural conduct and slice bringing down their part to the state ‘s cultural and financial prosperity ( Gray and Panter, 2000 ) . During a perception at School An, I recognized that as part of the schools ‘ Plan for Success 2010-13 they needed to raise achievement of the most disastrous gatherings of understudies. I plan to investigate the present inclinations of consideration of BESD understudies ‘ and place what examples are acceptable in propelling their incorporation in standard optional schools and their effectivity in propelling a positive securing condition, raising fulfillment and making great adjusted researchers who can achieve cultural and financial prosperity, in similarity with the Every Child Matters Aims.In request to comprehend what is being done to incorporate researchers I should chief determine it.Inclusion is the expansion of commitment and abatement of avoidance from, the human advancements educational programs and networks of neighborhood schools. Incorporation is worried about the larning commitment of all students defenseless against exclusionary power per unit zones, non only those with SEN. Incorporation is worried about bettering schools for staff each piece great concerning students.( Center for Studies on Inclusion in Education ( CSIE ) , 2000 ) .The present national model is install with qualities and rules back uping fairness, decent variety and consideration including the privilege of all researchers to dish a rich course of study, give opportunity to have a place and achieve. These rights were set out in the national course of study as a lot of rules currently known as the 'general incorporation proclamation' . The three boss principles for consideration are ;The interest for fit procurement challenges.Reacting to students ‘ differing securing demands.Overcome potential hindrances to larning and appraisal.These three guidelines spotlight, as it were, on what the school and teachers ought to make to make a positive obtaining condition for all researchers. For me the greater part of import issue to see is the thing that additional assets and planning are given to help educators give to single obtaining requests. Having perused a few archives on the adequate course of BESD understudies ‘ and sing a school with an inner help unit, I have distinguished a few effective strategies that were reverberated in a few reports in propelling the consideration of BESD understudies ‘ . Throughout the last hardly any mature ages at that spot has been a consistent reduction in avoidances because of the expansion in help units with specific prepared staff inside standard schools with an end goal to propel consideration. School An offered additional help for understudies ‘ at risk of rejection in a help unit inside the school. From the start I saw the unit gave a domain that the understudies ‘ had a sense of security and ready to focus on their procurement. The staff and understudies appeared to hold great associations with one another. Inside the unit it created the impression that there were away from of the understudies ‘ as occurrences emerged when impacts were executed which the understudies ‘ reacted to. Research in 1999 by Ofsted recognized that understudies with BESD favored working with teachers who implied what they said and followed the festival yet house. Also the exploration distinguished that effective schools accepted that hapless conduct is non the error of the understudy yet their response to the individuals and environing condition as shared by The Underwood Committee Report on Mala

International Development: Theories of Modernization, Dependency, Globalization

Minhchau Truong ID 125 Prof. Kevin Maclean Midterm Exam Citation Black, Maggie. The No-Nonsense Guide to International Development. (London: New Internationalist Publications Ltd, 2007). Naim, Moises. Illegal: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy. (New York: Anchor Books, 2005). Reding, Nick. Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town. (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009). Thurow, Roger and Scott Kilman. Enough: Why the World’s Poorest Starve during a time of Plenty. New York: Perseus Books, 2009). 1. ) Modernization Theory was utilized to legitimize the procedure of decolonization and mediation by the United States, which had the ulterior thought process of accessing new markets and in this manner boosting the national economy. The U. S. isolated this hypothesis from Cold War belief systems with the distinctive component that it stressed GNP and specialized measures. The hypothesis is ethnocentric and is placed in the conviction that t here is an incessant battle against shortage and that immature countries must conquer this characteristic state. The job and capacity of the created state was surrounded by the teleological convention that started with preconditions to â€Å"take-off†, which was acknowledgment that financial advancement was important to move from â€Å"tradition† to â€Å"modernity† to the last â€Å"take-off†, to the â€Å"drive to maturity† (which was relied upon to be finished in 1-2 ages), to the â€Å"age of high-mass consumption† (like the recorded examples of the U. S. ). The qualities of Modernization hypothesis incorporated its composed private enterprise, coordination into the world economy, and viewpoint of financial development. These progressions were to be accomplished through foundations and a move from prior provincial order and combination into the United Nations family (a by right balance). Be that as it may, the shortcomings overwhelm benefits. The hypothesis naturalizes â€Å"underdevelopment† as something that can be changed effectively, and limits understood authentic, land, sociological conditions or explicit imperatives. Moreover, it dismisses immature nations by trivializing conditions by marking it as the â€Å"global norm†. Financial matters is principal on the motivation, instead of legislative issues, since capital gathering for created states-not real government assistance of the concerned state-is the fundamental goal. The hypothesis dislodges the more right guideline of the privilege to self-definition. The straight development suggested by the hypothesis must be accomplished by mass utilization, rivalry, independence. Basically, modernization hypothesis is an ahistorical account forced by ethnocentric created states that couldn't in any way, shape or form identify with their immature states. Reliance Theory sees the chronicled relations of imbalance, the inconsistent connections created between industrialized nations versus immature. Hypothetically, the issue is clarified as: financial development in cutting edge industrialized nations didn't prompt a development in less fortunate nations. Reliance hypothesis recognizes that modernization hypothesis straightforwardly repudiated neo-traditional financial hypothesis the Pareto ideal, that monetary development was useful to all regardless of whether benefits not similarly shared, this was not apparent in the connection between industrialized countries and unindustrialized countries. The qualities of reliance hypothesis incorporated that is represented genuine history rather than modernization hypothesis, which was a way of thinking of history. It considered states to be a worldwide structure, and considered disparities to be an issue instead of an approach to advance rivalry and balances. There were practical desires, unacknowledged that inconvenience of â€Å"development† was really a demonstration of rejection. What was favored was an increasingly normal, fated procedure of consideration. Financially, reliance precisely decided the results of modernization: poor nations sent out essential wares to rich nations, which the rich nations used to then make items out of them, along these lines enhancing the general item during the production, which they at that point send out back to less fortunate nations. At long last, these more unfortunate nations could never acquire enough from fares to pay for their imports because of the additional worth. Be that as it may, the shortcomings are considerable, and uncover the sensible false notions reliance hypothesis is based upon. It is to a greater extent an investigate than an autonomous hypothesis for development, there is some knowledge yet very little. With reliance hypothesis, there is practically zero accomplishment from its underlying decisions. Its hobby for protectionism and exchange levies was insufficient for creating nations to develop financially. The proposal of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) was likewise insufficient in light of the fact that the monetary hypothesis required usage of hatching of household newborn child enterprises that multiple occasions were hard to fire up without the assistance neighborhood governments. Different roads, levies, import shares and sponsored government credits were ordinarily impractical because of nonattendance of political will or capacity. The advancement of creation channels were customarily contorted or upset because of outside powers or failure of states to deal with. Here, a colonialist attitude is by and by forced onto lacking countries, Transnational companies (TNCs) positioned in lacking countries force gauges and desires, which are generally articulated in their monopolistic practices and attestation of political and monetary plan onto the concerned nation. Likewise, ordinarily, when a nation specialized in their creation of products, their own inward markets were not enormous enough to help the economies of scale. Individuals either didn’t have enough cash or had an inclination for outside remote merchandise. Basically, relations can't just be fixed, there is a substantially more powerful multifaceted nature. Fringe states can't in any way, shape or form â€Å"just get up†, they didn't request to be put in their particular situations inside the world economy, they were constrained by overwhelm states (created nations like the U. S. †they were named as â€Å"under-developed† when their â€Å"inequalities† were recognized by us, set in opposition to our own gauges unreasonably so. Progressed mechanical economies can’t fill in as models for creating ones, their prosperity was dependent upon exceptionally exploitive frontier associations (with the immature nations they are attempting to help now, whi ch is amusing) these connections can't be made. Ramifications of reliance include: Alternative utilization of assets desirable over current examples of utilization they don’t need our strategies. The act of redirected assets are kept up by predominant states and force elites inside dependant expresses, this fixes nothing, rather, it further convolutes relations between concerned â€Å"underdeveloped† nation and the individuals who are in charge of them. There are covering interests, worth and culture suspicions, presumption that this reliance is deliberate, elites accept key to monetary advancement is to follow liberal financial teaching, this is basically authority. Financial development doesn't approach monetary turn of events, more consideration should be paid o social pointers future, proficiency, newborn child mortality, training, rise of human record. More noteworthy incorporation isn't the appropriate response, equity can't be accomplished World System Theory was first was named as â€Å"Modern World framework. † An incorporation through market as opposed to political focus, the state was a monetary device for capital gathering by specific classes. The wo rld was involved smaller than normal frameworks, which made up world realms, which made up an entrepreneur world economy. This overall point of view with verifiable profundity of hundreds of years was important to understanding the present. Single tripartite division of work idea actuated that nations don't have economies however are a piece of a world economy. The center zones profited by imposing business models, while the semi-peripheries were overwhelmed by the center zones, and the peripheries themselves were creating nations ruled by both center and semi-fringe nations. Work escalated creation occurred in fringe states as a way to previous states’ monetary redemption. Fringe states’ subordinate status is because of various variables including, mechanical conditions and the distinction in quality of states on the worldwide market scale, in this way the differential progression of surplus to center outcomes in inconsistent trade. In any case, the qualities of the hypothesis lies in the supposition that capital collection on a worldwide scale will thusly, advantage creating nations. The shortcoming of the hypothesis is the way it is crippling with respect to center towards solid and feeble states. The hypothesis focuses on the recorded proof of disappointment as opposed to progress, and limits the class structure and monetary development, among other significant components, inside states. The lose-lose financial account is constrained, grounded in ahistorical euro-anti-extremism. The hypothesis captivates outskirts states by holding them down, with the belief system of administering bunches managing them. Definitively, the hypothesis is an industrialist structure that works on the perpetual gathering of capital as opposed to the prosperity of specific outskirts states. The contemporary types of â€Å"globalization† make these three hypotheses of state-drove improvement unimportant and expect us to reexamine a portion of the suspicions whereupon they were based for some reasons. Right off the bat, the expanded however specific progression of money related capita between major metropoles exemplified in Illicit Trade shows the unrecognized capability of â€Å"dependant† states, how they are really ready to flourish in spite of states (of shortage, and so forth ). In Illicit Trade, the instances of nations flourishing with the discount of c

Need Cash Fast Try These 10 Great Side Hustles

Need Cash Fast Try These 10 Great Side Hustles Need Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side Hustles Need Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesWhen you’re in a pinch, earning some extra money is a much better option than a predatory payday loan.The thing about surprise expenses is that they’re impossible to anticipate. If they weren’t, they wouldn’t be surprises. One second your car is working fine, the next it’s stalled out on the side of the road. One second your boiler is humming along, the next your basement is filled with smelly, black smoke. Life comes at you fast and it often leaves behind a hefty bill.The best way to handle these kinds of emergency expenses is to have a dedicated emergency fund. But for some folks, those kinds of savings just aren’t a possibility. Taking out a loan is always an optionâ€"but folks whose credit is less-than-great might find themselves at the mercy of predatory payday and title lenders. And while OppLoans offers affordable installment loans that give you a safer, more responsible alternative to payday and title loans, getting a ny loan isn’t the only option available.A great way to deal with emergency expenses is to go out and earn the cash to pay for them. That could mean taking a second job with a maid service or your local fast food joint, but there are also tons of side hustles out there that give you a lot more independence.That’s why we reached out to a bunch of experts for some great ways to earn fast cash. We’ve got recommendations from:Gertrude Nonterah (@GeeNonterah), side hustle expert and the founder of myonlinebizjourney.comKelan and Brittany Kline, who blog about personal finance as The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple)GreenPal (@YourGreenPal) CEO Bryan ClaytonTED Global Speaker and author of The Homeless Entrepreneur, Becky Blanton (@BeckyBlanton_)Here are 10 of their top recommendations1.     Mystery shopping“If you are great with acting/pretending, this will be a great one for you. You essentially are an independent contractor for market research companies that hire you to go into par ticular stores, pose as a shopper using a specified scenario script so you can gather information for them. Mystery shopping pays anywhere from $10 to $50 per shop depending on the scenario. All youre doing is asking questions and noting the answers so you can report back. You can even make it a part of your weekly shopping trips.” Gertrude Nonterah2. Moving services“Make up some business cards ($20 if you get them done) and leave them with local Storage Facilities if people are looking for movers (they always are). You don’t even need a truck. Most people rent trucks from U-Haul and need drivers and loaders.” Becky Blanton3. Drop shippingKelan Kline (The Savvy Couple) shares this story about the $50K drop shipping (fulfilling retail orders from home) business he started in college…“When I was fourteen years old going into my freshman year my parents told me to get a job. The three words no high school kid wants to hear. Instead of getting a job I decided I would start selling things on eBay to make enough to make my parents happy.“After selling anything I could get my hands-on, including things I should not have, I started looking into drop shipping.   I had tried a few drop shipping companies even a couple that provided a free website to sell from with very little luck.“I kept searching and finally came across Doba.com, it changed everything! I bought a lifetime membership for $1,000 (which they no longer offer). I now had hundreds of thousands of products at my fingertips that I could increase the price and keep the profit from.“I found that Amazon was the bestselling platform due to their high-volume traffic and deep trust.“I continued to work on my drop shipping business EpicBuyz throughout high school and got very good at it. In college, my drop shipping business on average took in $50,000 a year in revenue. My profit on my sales would range anywhere from 8â€"15%, not a bad side hustle for a college student!“I still continue to se ll our used items on eBay and Amazon. I have the mindset if it’s not being used it’s worth money to someone else.“My drop shipping side hustle really set us up for success in running our blog. We started our blog TheSavvyCouple.com 10 months ago and will reach over 20,000 page views this month. Affiliate marketing is another very exciting online business with unlimited income potential.”(Check out Kelan’s interview with Doba’s CEO.)4. Become a lumper“A lumper is anyone who manually handles freight in a warehouse. They make from $60 to $350 per hour or job depending on the freight. Same day pay. Lots of articles online debate lumping, say you have to register, but most strong, healthy looking hard working men or women can generally find work lumping, and repeat work if they’re good and dependable.” Becky Blanton5. Selling on Craigslist“Old items around my house have brought me around $400 a month before. The key here is to take multiple pictures of the item and d escribe the item as thoroughly as possible. To find a fair but good price to make it worth your while, you can check out store websites like Walmart.com to gain a good idea of what the item costs at full price.” Gertrude Nonterah6. Lawn care with GreenPalIf you have knack for yard work, you could earn money on the side through GreenPal, often described as “Uber for Lawn Care.”Bryan Clayton CEO of GreenPal, explains:“Our system has over 500 vendor partners in seven states throughout the county.”“Many of our lawn care vendors are part-timers. Some are   firemen, some teachers that use our app in the summer to make extra money, others are college students that work afternoons and weekends, and it is the perfect way for them to make extra money.”“Our average vendor makes around $55 per hour mowing lawns on our system They set their own hours and pick the clients they want to work for,   it is the perfect side job.”7. Be a driver“If you have a CDL license you can mak e money fast moving cars, trucks, rentals etc. around the country. There’s always Uber, Left and other taxi services, but I know people who charge $10-$20 an hour to run errands, deliver groceries, etc. using their personal vehicle. Check your insurance first if you’re hauling people around, but many businesses need delivery for small items.”   Becky Blanton8. Avon salesBrittany Kline had a great experience working as a salesperson for Avon…“Similar to Kelan, I was told to get a job out of high school as well. After doing research, I decided to join Avon and start selling. I went through the training they provided, but I was never someone who pushed my business on to others. I started with ordering extra catalogs and going around on my bike hanging up bags on my neighbor’s mailboxes. It slowly took off.“When a woman at my mom’s work stopped selling Avon, it was the perfect in for me. My mom would bring catalogs to work with her and she would collect the orders from her co-workers. When the orders came in, we would bag them together and she would deliver and receive payment. We were a great team.“I sold to a close circle of friends and their family members for a long time. It was the perfect side hustle to cover my gas commuting to college or to cover my cell phone bill. Selling as a direct sales representative for 9 years was the perfect side hustle for me.”9. Online yard sales“Yard sales used to be on weekends and you had to drive there, look through crap and hope to find something you wanted or needed. Now you can go on Facebook, search on classifieds or yard sales and your area and find, OR SELL anything online. I make $200 + a month for less than an hour’s work uploading and selling clothes, books, furniture etc. online. ALWAYS meet the buyer at a public place a grocery store parking lot, etc.someplace where there are people around. If you’re selling electronics, watches, coins or cameras, phones etc. meet INSIDE a store. You’ re less likely to be mugged or robbed.”   Becky Blanton10) Amazon Flex“This is something my husband actually started recently and he makes between $200-$400 per week. Amazon Flex is a service that gives people the opportunity to quickly deliver items people have ordered from Amazons website (and indicated that wanted same/1-day delivery) from a regional Amazon location. The deliveries are local and so you will not spend a ton on gas. For something that brings in $1000-$2000 per month for my family, Id say this one is a winner!” Gertrude NonterahIf you have a great fast cash side gig that isn’t on this list, we’d love to hear about! You can get in touch with us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsBecky Blanton (@BeckyBlanton_) is a TED Global speaker, blogger, ghostwriter, and founder of The Homeless Entrepreneur a nonprofit that offers Suitcase to Briefcase, a training program that teaches those experiencing homel essness how to start their own business.Bryan Clayton (@YourGreenPal)  is the CEO of GreenPal, an online marketplace connecting homeowners with local lawn care professionals. Bryan is a serial entrepreneur in the lawn and landscaping industry having built and sold Peach Tree Inc., a Nashville based landscape group, growing the firm to over 120 employees to ultimate acquisition by Landscapes USA.Kelan and Brittany Kline aka The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple) are two thriving millennials that are daring to live differently. They started their personal finance blog September 2016 to help others get money $avvy so they can live a frugal and free lifestyle. Brittany is a full-time 4th-grade teacher and Kelan runs The Savvy Couple full-time and works as a digital marketer. You can follow them here: Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram.Gertrude Nonterah (@GeeNonterah) is a research scientist trying to save premature infants by day and blogger/freelance writer by night. She is also t he founder of MyOnlineBizJourney.com an educational website that focusses on teaching people how to plan and launch their own side hustles using online tools and skills they already have.

Separation Between Church And State - 1081 Words

Over the years many things have changed, the clothes people wear, the music they listen to and the cars the drive. We live in a society where things can change in the blink of an eye, but is change always good? Could things change because things have been taken out of context? That is just what has happened to Thomas Jefferson. Has the true meaning of Thomas Jefferson’s â€Å"Separation between Church and State† taken out of context today? One side defends that the true context remains intact. Saying that religion should play no part in the government what so ever. Saying that a political leadership based on religious convictions can harm the freedom of citizens who do not belong to the majority religion. Arguing that religion-based attempts to limit reproductive rights have been particularly contentious in America. A Connecticut law banning the use of contraceptives was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1965. A similar Massachusetts law was defeated in 1972, followed the next year by the court s landmark Roe v. Wade ruling that a woman has the right to choose abortion. They also argue that the government should not allow prayer to be in schools. Praising the 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court banning of prayer and religious readings from public schools. Saying that school prayer assumes that all students believe in God, and that a given prayer might be applicable to all different faiths that could be practiced among students. It is much more likely that the typical prayer orShow MoreRelatedThe Separation Between Church And State1492 Words   |  6 Pages The separation between church and state ultimately preserves moderation within society and withholds an individual’s right of the first amendment. One to exercise his or her free right of religion stands as rights both alienable, natural right, and unalienable, God-given right. 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The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreEssay on The Separation of Church and State1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Separation of Church and State America wastes a lot of time trying to create a democracy completely absent of the moral expectations that our ancestors have put into place. Our founding fathers’ dream of establishing a country in which all people would be accepted has begun to fall. In our attempt to rid our country of a democracy contaminated with any belief in a supreme power, we have rid ourselves of many of our values and morals. Perhaps it is impossible for religion to dominate our

4 Mat Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and...

4 MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity 2nd Ed. COUN 506 Sherrita L. Hedgepeth Liberty University July 14, 2012 Summary David Entwistles (2010) Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity appears to be a text with a primary audience which appears to be conservative evangelical Christians. The basic ‘meat’ of the book is the premise that weaving together perspectives from psychology and Christian theology can help us understand and appreciate humanity more fully than we could with either perspective alone (p. 3). Entwistle’s view is that in faithful reading of both the book of Gods work (nature) and the book of Gods word (theology), this textbook seems to be the work of an individual†¦show more content†¦He concludes that psychosocial and spiritual thought, is both science and theology in its elements, as well as acknowledged the ways in which human sinfulness distorts what we claim to know, and employs a Christian worldview. Entwistle argues that optimal integrative efforts combine personal and spiritual as well as intellectual knowledge and application. Concrete Response There is a sentence in the endnotes of the text that really hit home for me and it was â€Å"nevertheless, we can never fully rise above our own assumptions, and none of us can completely rise above our cultural and historical conditioning† (pg. 118). When I read this my mind went back to a time when I thought I could take no more of what life was handing me. I went to my chaplain with what felt like the world on my shoulders and anger in my heart because I thought that I had been stupid to give my boyfriend a second and third chance, he had hurt me just like ‘everyone else’ but my chaplain reminded me that it is my faith in god and my heart that is why I kept giving him new chances. He did so by having me recall one of my favorite passages from the bible â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with theShow MoreRelated4 Mat Review Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pages4 MAT Review Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Liberty University Jacqueline Langford 4-MAT Review: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Abstract The integration of psychology and theology has become a hot topic since psychology began to integrate into a new part of society. Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity argue ways that one can embrace psychology into the Christian world. The church has always been a dominant part of society. AsRead MoreEssay about 4-Mat Review Entwistle1220 Words   |  5 Pages4-MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Shelby Peters Liberty University 4-MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary In his book Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, David N. Entwistle explores the necessity of integrating psychology and Christianity, the worldview issues, philosophical foundations, models of integration and discusses the difficulty inRead MoreInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Syllabus COUN 506 Integration of Psychology and Theology Course Description Students critically examine the implications of a Christian worldview for counseling and marriage and family practice. Ethical issues relevant to the use of spiritual and religious interventions with individuals, couples, families are considered, along with current research related to spirituality and counseling. Rationale Integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality provides students an

Enriching Learning Experience Free Essays

ENRICHING LEARNING EXPERIENCES Karen Michelle E. Caparos Teaching strategies, learner’s activities and instructional materials really helped in an effective learning process. There are a lot of teaching strategies that caters different kinds of learners and the strategies that will be used vary upon the teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Enriching Learning Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, there are a lot of activities that a teacher can motivate his/her class to engage into. The instructional materials must be also suited to the activity that will be given. According to Vygotsky (1981), mental functions are acquired through social relationship; learning takes place when the child interacts with peers and adults in a social setting as they act upon the environment. The facilitator of learning must provide meaningful and interactive activities that allow a child to internalize, exposing them to new situation to actively interact with others, engaging in functional and interesting learning experiences. He should give thinking activities, social functions of reading and writing activities, and communicative functions of language. Through Vygotsky’s theory, the learning takes place in participating in oral discussion and involving oneself in activities that students will not only learn from the teacher but also learn from the students around them. Knowledge on the stages of development facilitated learning through giving the appropriate activities to the child/ class. Once the teacher knows how to make the learning process enjoyable and interesting it will never make the learner feel afraid, uneasy, and uncomfortable in the class. Thus, it will be a way in order to produce a healthy and conducive atmosphere for learning. How to cite Enriching Learning Experience, Essay examples

Sickle Essays - Hemoglobins, Fetal Hemoglobin, Sickle Cell Trait

Sickle Cell Anemia We feel that this report looks a lot better single-spaced. A Brief History of Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease in African Tradition Sickle cell disease has been known to the peoples of Africa for hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of years. In West Africa various ethnic groups gave the condition different names: Ga tribe: Chwechweechwe Faute tribe: Nwiiwii Ewe tribe: Nuidudui Twi tribe: Ahotutuo Sickle Cell Disease in the Western Literature Description of Sickle Cell Disease In the western literature, the first description of sickle cell disease was by a Chicago physician, James B. Herrick, who noted in 1910 that a patient of his from the West Indies had an anemia characterized by unusual red cells that were "sickle shaped". Relationship of Red Cell Sickling to Oxygen In 1927, Hahn and Gillespie showed that sickling of the red cells was related to low oxygen. Deoxygenation and Hemoglobin In 1940, Sherman (a medical student at Johns Hopkins) noted a birefringence of deoxygenated red cells, suggesting that low oxygen altered the structure of the hemoglobin in the molecule. Protective Role of Fetal Hemoglobin in Sickle Cell Disease Janet Watson, a pediatric hematolist in New York, suggested in 1948 that the paucity of sickle cells in the peripheral blood of newborns was due to the presence of fetal hemoglobin in the red cells, which consequently did not have the abnormal sickle hemoglobin seen in adults. Abnormal Hemoglobin in Sickle Cell Disease Using the new technique of protein electrophoresis, Linus Pauling and colleagues showed in 1949 that the hemoglobin from patients with sickle cell disease is different than that of normals. This made sickle cell disease the first disorder in which an abnormality in a protein was known to be at fault. Amino Acid Substitution in Sickle Hemoglobin In 1956, Vernon Ingram, then at the MRC in England, and J.A. Hunt sequenced sickle hemoglobin and showed that a glutamic acid at position 6 was replaced by a valine in sickle cell disease. Using the known information about amino acids and the codons that coded for them, he was able to predict the mutation in sickle cell disease. This made sickle cell disease the first known genetic disorder. Preventive Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease Hydroxyurea became the first (and only) drug proven to prevent complications of sickle cell disease in the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia, which was completed in 1995. How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease? The Mutation in Hemoglobin Sickle cell disease is a blood condition primarily affecting people of African ancestry. The disorder is caused by a single change in the amino acid building blocks of the oxygen-transport protein, hemoglobin. This protein, which is the component that makes red cells "red", has two subunits. The alpha subunit is normal in people with sickle cell disease. The ?-subunit has the amino acid valine at position 6 instead of the glutamic acid that is there normally. The alteration is the basis of all the problems that occur in people with sickle cell disease. The schematic diagram shows the first eight-of the 146 amino acids in the ?-globin subunit of the hemoglobin molecule. The amino acids of the hemoglobin protein are represented as a series of linked, colored boxes. The lavender box represents the normal glutamic acid at position 6. The dark green box represents the valine in sickle cell hemoglobin. The other amino acids in sickle and normal hemoglobin are identical. The molecule, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), is the fundamental genetic material that determines the arrangement of the amino acid building blocks in all proteins. Segments of DNA that code for particular proteins are called genes. The gene that controls the production of the ?-subunit of hemoglobin is located on one of the 46 human chromosomes (chromosome #11). People have twenty-two identical chromosome pairs (the twenty-third pair is the unlike X and Y-chromosomes that determine a person's sex). One of each pair is inherited from the father, and one from the mother. Occasionally, a gene is altered in the exchange between parent and offspring. This event, called mutation, occurs extremely infrequently. Therefore, the inheritance of sickle cell disease depends totally on the genes of the parents. If only one of the ?-globin genes is the "sickle" gene and the other is normal, the person is a carrier. The condition is called sickle cell trait. With a few rare exceptions, people with sickle cell trait are completely normal. If both ?-globin genes code for the sickle protein, the person has sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is determined at conception, when a person

Italy is a beautiful republic with a deep cultural background

Italy is a beautiful republic with a deep cultural background. Italy has a diverse historical background that left us with beautiful architecture, paintings and music. The long history of Italys great cities, among the most beautiful in the world, have fostered a determined spirit of independent vitality among their citizens, helping them escape the industrial revolution and changes taking place around them (Scarth). LOCATION: Italy is a peninsula, surrounded on thee sides with water, in southern Europe. The bordering countries are Austria, Switzerland, France and Slovenia. The bordering bodies of water are the Mediterranean and Ionian Sea to the south, Adriatic Sea to the east, Tyrrhenian, Ligurian, and Mediterranean Sea to the west. Italy has three major surrounding islands, Sicily, Elba, and Sardinia, as well as several small islands. Italy is separated into two independent countries, San Marino and the Vatican City. Italys geographical coordinates are 43Â °and 11Â ° 14 E. It covers an area of 301,230 square kilometers. 294,020 square kilometers are land, and 7,210 square kilometers are water. It is about the size of Arizona. Italy is often called the boot because of its unique shape. PLACE: Italys terrain is mostly rugged mountains, some plains, and coastal lowlands. 31% of the land is arable, 10% is used for annual crops, 15% is made up of pastures, 23% is made up of forests, and the remaining 21% have a variety of different uses. On the area bordering the Adriatic Sea, the land is sandy, low and surrounded by shallow bodies of water. The western border is composed of bays, gulfs, and other inlets. The Gulf Of Genoa is also located in Western Europe; this serves as a harbor for Genoa. Gulf of Salerno and the Gulf of Taranto are located towards the southeastern side of Italy, extending to the heel of the boot.

A Collection of Famous Quotations About Time

A Collection of Famous Quotations About Time Time and tide await none. The powerful tide of time overpowers everything: kingdoms fall, evil dies, relationships change, seasons wither, and the new sun rises. Here is a collection of famous time quotes. Remember that time is money. -Benjamin FranklinNever leave that till  to-morrow  which you can do  to-day. -Benjamin FranklinDost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of. -Benjamin FranklinAs though a rose should shut and be a bud again. -John KeatsYears of love have been forgot in the hatred of a minute. -Edgar Allan PoeKeeping time, time, time, In a sort of Runic rhyme, To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells, From the bells, bells, bells. -Edgar Allen Poeï » ¿The worlds a bubble, and the life of man, less than a span. -Francis Bacon Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. -Francis Bacon Sweet childish days that were as long as twenty days are now. -William Wordsworth Can anybody remember when the times were not hard and money not scarce? -Ralph Waldo EmersonLife is not so short but that there is always time enough for courtesy . -Ralph Waldo Emerson For he lives twice who can at once employ, The present well, and even the past enjoy. -Alexander Pope ï » ¿Tis with our judgments as our watches- none go just alike, yet each believes his own. -Alexander Pope ï » ¿To me every hour of the light and dark is a miracle, every cubic inch of space is a miracle. -Walt Whitman

Globalization and Arab Spring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalization and Arab Spring - Research Paper Example dared to rebel, especially because they knew that their messages and videos, uploaded to YouTube, which could be seen abroad and the worldwide media among others (Till, 2011). Consequently, the elements of globalization turned out to be decisive in inflicting a final blow to the cruel political systems prevailing in the Arab world. Social media, Mayfield (2008) asserts, could be stated as a group of new kinds of online media, which share the characteristics including participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness, and brings the like-minded people closer to one another through its platform. Before embarking upon the topic under analysis, it would be advisable to define and discuss globalization and its impact on the Arab spring in a precise way, which is as following. The term globalization simply concentrates upon the expansion of multiculturalism in the wake of tremendous technological advancements that have paved the way towards fast communication processes bet ween the individuals and nations belonging to the pole-apart regions of the globe. In other words, globalization stands for the interconnectedness of the people at global scale through the sharing of technological equipments, corporate activities, cultural traits, social norms, political systems, religious values, traditional rituals and conventions at large. The term globalization, according to Brainpan, is not confined to few financial and industrial cooperation pacts between the nations; rather, the term refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge (Goyal, 2006:168). While expected by the political analysts one day or the other, the rebellions in Arab states were somewhat... The term globalization simply concentrates upon the expansion of multiculturalism in the wake of tremendous technological advancements that have paved the way towards fast communication processes between the individuals and nations belonging to the pole-apart regions of the globe. In other words, globalization stands for the interconnectedness of the people at global scale through the sharing of technological equipments, corporate activities, cultural traits, social norms, political systems, religious values, traditional rituals and conventions at large. The term globalization, according to Brainpan, is not confined to few financial and industrial cooperation pacts between the nations; rather, the term refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge (Goyal, 2006:168). While expected by the political analysts one day or the other, the rebellions in Arab states were somewhat horrendous for the world at large, which could not anticipate any dauntlessness move from the oppressed and suppressed subjects had been leading a miserable and pathetic life under the longstanding dictatorial regimes. Recent upheavals in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen and Libya, according to Hoover (2011), have caught many by surprise as the order of things has proven protean in a way that official experts and conventional wisdom were largely blind to.

On Intersuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Intersuality - Essay Example But this contradiction is addressed by taking the position that â€Å"social power in delineating difference need not be the power of domination; it can instead be the source of social empowerment and reconstruction† (Crenshaw, 1991, p.1242). The major problem of identity politics is identified by the author (Crenshaw, 1991) as its tendency to ignore â€Å"intragroup differences† (p.1242). Violence against women is cited as an example for this and it is pointed out that â€Å"violence that many women experience is often shaped by other dimensions of their identities, such as race and class† (Crenshaw, 1991, p.1242). One major lapse in feminist and race politics have been revealed here. It is shown that both these discourses happen in mutually exclusive realms whereas the social manifestations of both these identities in reality often overlap. With this preamble, the author (Crenshaw, 1991) has theoretically validated the identity of a new section, the colored wom en, which can be called an intersectional identity (p.1243).

The American Civil War Essay -- American History

The American Civil War emanated feelings of joy, exuberance, and glory, yet it substantiated loneliness, destruction, and death. In the antebellum South, nationalism and pride forged a new path, and society saw soldiers as heroic actors and war as their stage. While these actors played out their roles, the audience, the world, could see that their stage did not make them heroes, but war deprived them of body and soul. In Cold Mountain, Charles Frazier develops this excitement and progression to hardship in both Ada and Inman’s journeys. The progression, corroborated by historical evidence, shows that while the antebellum South held a Romantic ideal of war, war itself negated the romantic opinion and became destructive, monstrous, and deadly. At the onset of civil war, a state of trepidation would be assumed; however, Cold Mountain shows that Southern society did not fear war but eagerly anticipated it. Inman and Ada show that people did not dread war, but instead school teachers spoke of the â€Å"grand wars fought in Ancient England† (5), and â€Å" each night, there was music and dancing† (140). People did not live in fear, but instead, a â€Å"strange time of war fever† (140) and excitement was created. â€Å"Young men considered dull and charmless suddenly acquired an aura of glamour shimmering about them† (140), not because they were instantly revitalized by Athena, but because they were adding themselves to the glory and honor of the ideal Romantic war. Society in Cold Mountain did not fear death, but they spoke of the glory of war, and had parties celebrating the coming war. Mrs. McKennett, a woman Ada converses with, â€Å"[holds] opinions exactly in accord with every newspaperâ₠¬  (180), that the fighting is â€Å"glorious, tragic, and he... ...inary Times of the Civil War Soldier. Ed. David Madden. New York: Simon & Schuster,2000. Billings, John D. Soldier Life in the Union and Confederate Armies. Ed. Philip Van Doren Stern. New York: Bonanza Books, 1961. Eaton, Clement. A History of the Southern Confederacy. New York: The Free Press, 1965. Frazier, Charles. Cold Mountain. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997. Martin, Bessie. A Rich Man’s War, A Poor Man’s Fight. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003. Ratchford, James Wylie. Memoirs of a Confederate Staff Officer: From Bethel to Bentonville. Eds. James E. Hansen II & Evelyn Sieburg. Shippensburg: Beidel Printing House, Inc. 1998. Thomas, Emory M. The Confederate Nation: 1861-1865. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. Vinovskis, Maris, ed. Toward a Social History of the American Civil War. 1st. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 13

Chapter 13 â€Å"I could kick that punk's punk ass,† the angel said, jumping on the bed, shaking a fist at the television screen. â€Å"Raziel,† I said, â€Å"you are an angel of the Lord, he is a professional wrestler, I think it's understood that you could kick his punk ass.† This has gone on for a couple of days now. The angel has found a new passion. The front desk has called a dozen times and sent a bellman up twice to tell the angel to quiet down. â€Å"Besides, it's just pretend.† Raziel looked at me as if I had slapped him. â€Å"Don't start with that again, these are not actors.† The angel back flipped on the bed. â€Å"Ooo, ooo, you see that? Ho popped him with a chair. Thaz right, you go girl. She nasty.† It's like that now. Talk shows featuring the screaming ignorant, soap operas, and wrestling. And the angel guards the remote control like it's the Ark of the Covenant. â€Å"This,† I told him, â€Å"is why the angels were never given free will. This right here. Because you would spend your time watching this.† â€Å"Really?† Raziel said, and he muted the TV for what seemed like the first time in days. â€Å"Then tell me, Levi who is called Biff, if by watching this I am abusing the little freedom I've been given while carrying out this task, then what would you say of your people?† â€Å"By my people you mean human beings?† I was stalling. I didn't remember the angel ever making a valid point before and I wasn't prepared for it. â€Å"Hey, don't blame me, I've been dead for two thousand years. I wouldn't have let this sort of thing happen.† â€Å"Uh-huh,† said the angel, crossing his arms and striking a pose of incredulity that he had learned from a gangster rapper on MTV. If there was anything I learned from John the Baptist, it was that the sooner you confess a mistake, the quicker you can get on to making new and better mistakes. Oh, that and don't piss off Salome, that was a big one too. â€Å"Okay, we've fucked up,† I said. â€Å"Thaz whut I'm talkin' about,† said the angel, entirely too satisfied with himself. Yeah? Where was he when we needed him and his sword of justice at Balthasar's fortress? Probably in Greece, watching wrestling. Meanwhile, when we got to the library, Balthasar was sitting before the heavy dragon table, eating a bit of cheese and sipping wine while Tunnels and Pea Pods poured a sticky yellow wax on his bald head, then spread it around with small wooden paddles. The easels and slates from my lessons had been stacked out of the way against the shelves full of scrolls and codices. â€Å"You look good blue,† Balthasar said. â€Å"Yeah, everybody says that.† The paint, once set, didn't wash off, but at least my skin had stopped itching. â€Å"Come in, sit. Have wine. They brought cheese from Kabul this morning. Try some.† Joshua and I sat in chairs across the table from the magus. Josh, completely true to form, disregarded my advice and asked Balthasar outright about the iron door. The aspect of the jolly wizard became suddenly grave. â€Å"There are some mysteries one must learn to live with. Did not your own God tell Moses that no one must look upon his face, and the prophet accepted that? So you must accept that you cannot know what is in the room with the iron door.† â€Å"He knows his Torah, and Prophets and Writings too,† Joshua said to me. â€Å"Balthasar knows more about Solomon than any of the rabbis or priests in Israel.† â€Å"That's swell, Josh.† I handed him a hunk of cheese to keep him amused. To Balthasar I said, â€Å"But you forget God's butt.† You don't hang out with the Messiah for most of your life without picking up a little Torah knowledge yourself. â€Å"What?† said the magus. Just then the girls grabbed the edges of the hardened wax shell they'd made on Balthasar's head and ripped it off in one swift movement. â€Å"Ouch, you vicious harpies! Can't you warn me when you're going to do that? Get out.† The girls tittered and hid their satisfied grins behind delicate fans painted with pheasants and plum blossoms. They fled the library leaving a trail of girlish laughter in the hall as they passed. â€Å"Isn't there an easier way to do that?† asked Joshua. Balthasar scowled at him. â€Å"Don't you think that after two hundred years, if there was an easier way to do it I would have found it?† Joshua dropped his cheese. â€Å"Two hundred years?† I chimed in. â€Å"You get a hairstyle you like, stick with it. Not that you could call that hair, per se.† Balthasar wasn't amused. â€Å"What's this about God's butt?† â€Å"Or that you could call that style, for that matter,† I added, rising and going to a copy of the Torah that I'd seen on the shelves. Fortunately it was a codex – like a modern book – otherwise I'd have been unwinding a scroll for twenty minutes and the drama would have been lost. I quickly flipped to Exodus. â€Å"Right, here's the part you were talking about. ‘And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.' Right? Well, then God puts his hand over Moses as he passes, but he says, ‘I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.'† â€Å"So?† said Balthasar. â€Å"So, God let Moses see his butt, so using your example, you owe us God's butt. So tell us, what's going on with that room with the iron door?† Brilliant. I paused and studied the blueness of my fingernails while savoring my victory. â€Å"That's the silliest thing I've ever heard,† said Balthasar. His momentary loss of composure was replaced by the calm and slightly amused attitude of the master. â€Å"What if I told you that it is dangerous for you to know about what is behind that iron door now, but once you have training, you will not only know, but you will gain great power from the knowledge? When I think you are ready, I promise to show you what is behind that door. But you must promise to study and learn your lessons. Can you do that?† â€Å"Are you forbidding us to ask questions?† asked Joshua. â€Å"Oh no, I'm simply denying you some of the answers for the time being. And trust me, time is the one thing that I have plenty of.† Joshua turned to me. â€Å"I still don't know what I am supposed to learn here, but I'm sure I haven't learned it yet.† He was pleading me with his eyes to not push the issue. I decided to let it drop; besides, I didn't relish the idea of being poisoned again. â€Å"How long is this going to take?† I asked. â€Å"These lessons, I mean?† â€Å"Some students take many years to learn the nature of Chi. You will be provided for while you are here.† â€Å"Years? Can we think about it?† â€Å"Take as long as you like,† Balthasar stood. â€Å"Now I must go to the girls' quarters. They like to rub their naked breasts over my scalp right after it's been waxed and is at its smoothest.† I gulped. Joshua grinned and looked at the table in front of him. I often wondered, not just then, but most of the time, if Joshua had the ability to turn off his imagination when he needed to. He must have. Otherwise I don't know how he would have ever triumphed over temptation. I, on the other hand, was a slave to my imagination and it was running wild with the image of Balthasar's scalp massage. â€Å"We'll stay. We'll learn. We'll do what is needed,† I said. Joshua burst out laughing, then calmed himself enough to speak. â€Å"Yes, we will stay and learn, Balthasar, but first I have to go to Kabul and finish some business.† â€Å"Of course you do,† said Balthasar. â€Å"You can leave tomorrow. I'll have one of the girls show you the way, but for now, I must say good night.† The wizard stalked off, leaving Joshua to collapse into a fit of giggles and me to wonder how I might look with my head shaved. In the morning Joy came to our rooms wearing the garb of a desert trader: a loose tunic, soft leather boots, and pantaloons. Her hair was tied up under a turban and she carried a long riding crop in her hand. She led us through a long narrow passageway that went deep into the mountain, then emerged out of the side of a sheer cliff. We climbed a rope ladder to the top of the plateau where Pillows and Sue waited with three camels saddled and outfitted for a short journey. There was a small farm on the plateau, with several pens full of chickens, some goats, and a few pigs in a pen. â€Å"We're going to have a tough time getting these camels down that ladder,† I said. Joy scowled and wrapped the tail of her turban around her face so that only her eyes showed. â€Å"There's a path down,† she said. Then she tapped her camel on the shoulder with her crop and rode off, leaving Joshua and me to scramble onto our animals and follow. The road down from the plateau was just wide enough for a single camel to sway his way down without falling, but once down on the desert floor, much like the entrance to the canyon where the fortress's entrance lay, if you didn't know it was there, you would never have found it. An added measure of security for a fortress that had no guards, I thought. Joshua and I tried to engage Joy in conversation several times during the journey to Kabul, but she was cranky and abrupt and often just rode away from us. â€Å"Probably depressed that she's not torturing me,† I speculated. â€Å"I can see how that might bring her down,† said Joshua. â€Å"Maybe if you could get your camel to bite you. I know that always brightens my mood.† I rode on ahead without another word. It's wildly irritating to have invented something as revolutionary as sarcasm, only to have it abused by amateurs. Once in Kabul, Joy led the search for the blinded guard by asking every blind beggar that we passed in the marketplace. â€Å"Have you seen a blind bowman who arrived by camel caravan a little more than a week ago?† Joshua and I trailed several steps behind her, trying desperately to keep from grinning whenever she looked back. Joshua had wanted to point out the flaw in Joy's method, while I, on the other hand, wanted to savor her doofuscosity as passive revenge for having been poisoned. There was none of the competence and self-assured nature she showed at the fortress. She was clearly out of her element and I was enjoying it. â€Å"You see,† I explained to Joshua, â€Å"what Joy is doing is ironic, yet that's not her intent. That's the difference between irony and sarcasm. Irony can be spontaneous, while sarcasm requires volition. You have to create sarcasm.† â€Å"No kidding?† said Josh. â€Å"Why do I waste my time with you?† We indulged Joy's search for the blind man for another hour before directing her inquiries to the sighted, and to men from the camel caravans in particular. Once she started asking sighted people, it was a short time before we were directed to a temple where the blinded guard was said to have staked his begging territory. â€Å"There he is,† said Joshua, pointing to a ragged pile of human being beckoning to the worshipers as they moved in and out of the temple. â€Å"It looks like things have been tough on him,† I said, amazed that the guard, who had been one of the most vital (and frightening) men I'd ever seen, had been reduced to such a pathetic creature in so short a time. Then again, I was discounting the theatrics of it all. â€Å"A great injustice has been done here,† said Josh. He moved to the guard and gently put his hand on the blind man's shoulder. â€Å"Brother, I am here to relieve your suffering.† â€Å"Pity on the blind,† said the guard, waving around a wooden bowl. â€Å"Calm now,† said Joshua, placing his hand over the blind man's eyes. â€Å"When I remove my hand you will see again.† I could see the strain in Joshua's face as he concentrated on healing the guard. Tears trickled down his cheeks and dripped on the flagstones. I thought of how effortless his healings had been in Antioch, and realized that the strain was not coming from the healing, but from the guilt he carried for having blinded the man in the first place. When he removed his hand and stepped away, both he and the guard shivered. Joy stepped away from us and covered her face as if to ward off bad air. The guard stared into space just as he had while he had been begging, but his eyes were no longer white. â€Å"Can you see?† Joshua said. â€Å"I can see, but everything is wrong. People's skin appears blue.† â€Å"No, he is blue. Remember, my friend Biff.† â€Å"Were you always blue?† â€Å"No, only recently.† Then the guard seemed to see Joshua for the first time and his expression of wonderment was replaced by hatred. He leapt at Joshua, drawing a dagger from his rags as he moved. He would have split my friend's rib cage in a single swift blow if Joy hadn't swept his feet out from under him at the last second. Even so, he was up in an instant, going for a second attack. I managed to get my hand up in time to poke him in the eyes, just as Joy kicked him in the back of the neck, driving him to the ground in agony. â€Å"My eyes!† he cried. â€Å"Sorry,† I said. Joy kicked the knife out of the guard's reach. I put an arm around Joshua's chest and pushed him back. â€Å"You need to put some distance between you and him before he can see again.† â€Å"But I only meant to help him,† said Joshua. â€Å"Blinding him was a mistake.† â€Å"Josh, he doesn't care. All he knows is that you are the enemy. All he knows is that he wants to destroy you.† â€Å"I don't know what I'm doing. Even when I try to do the right thing it goes wrong.† â€Å"We need to go,† said Joy. She took one of Joshua's arms while I took the other and we led him away before the guard could gather his senses for another attack. Joy had a list of supplies that Balthasar wanted her to bring back to the fortress, so we spent some time tracking down large baskets of a mineral called cinnabar, from which we would extract quicksilver, as well as some spices and pigments. Joshua followed us through the market in a daze until we passed a merchant who was selling the black beans from which was made the dark drink we'd had in Antioch. â€Å"Buy me some,† Joshua said. â€Å"Joy, buy me some of those.† She did, and Joshua cradled the bag of beans like an infant all the way back to the fortress. We rode most of the way in silence, but when the sun had gone down and we were almost to the hidden road that led up to the plateau, Joy galloped up beside me. â€Å"How did he do it?† she asked. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I saw him heal that man's eyes. How did he do it? I know many kinds of magic, but I saw no spells cast, no potions mixed.† â€Å"It's very powerful magic all right.† I checked over my shoulder to see if Joshua was paying attention. He was hugging his coffee beans and mumbling to himself as he had for the whole trip. Praying, I presume. â€Å"Tell me how it's done,† Joy said. â€Å"I asked Joshua, but he's just chanting and looking stunned.† â€Å"Well, I could tell you how it's done, but you have to tell me what's going on behind the ironclad door.† â€Å"I can't tell you that, but perhaps we can trade other things.† She pulled the tail of her turban away from her face and smiled. She was stunningly beautiful in the moonlight, even in men's clothes. â€Å"I know over a thousand ways to bring pleasure to a man, and that's only what I know personally. The other girls have as many tricks that they'd be willing to show you too.† â€Å"Yeah, but how is that useful to me? What do I need to know about pleasing a man?† Joy ripped her turban off her head and smacked me across the back of the head with it, sending a small cloud of dust drifting into the night. â€Å"You're stupid and you're blue and the next time I poison you I will be sure to use something without an antidote.† Even the wise and inscrutable Joy could be goaded, I guess. I smiled. â€Å"I will accept your paltry offerings,† I said with as much pomposity as an adolescent boy can muster. â€Å"And in return I will teach the greatest secret of our magic. A secret of my own invention. We call it sarcasm.† â€Å"Let's make coffee when we get home,† said Joshua. It was some challenge to try to drag out the process of how Joshua had returned the guard's sight, especially since I hadn't the slightest idea myself, but through careful misdirection, obfuscation, subterfuge, guile, and complete balderdash, I was able to barter that lack of knowledge into months of outrageous knob polishing by the beauteous Joy and her comely minions. Somehow, the urgency of knowing what was behind the ironclad door and the answers to other enigmas of Balthasar's fortress abated, and I found myself quite content pursuing the lessons the wizard assigned me during the day, while stretching my imagination to its limit with the mathematical combinations of the night. There was the drawback that Balthasar would kill me if he knew that I was availing myself of the charms of his concubines, but is the pilfered fruit not sweetened by the stealing? Oh, to be young and in love (with eight Chinese concubines). Meanwhile Joshua took to his studies with characteristic zeal, fueled in no little bit by the coffee he drank every morning until he nearly vibrated through the floor with enthusiasm. â€Å"Look at this, do you see, Biff? When asked, the master Confucius says, ‘Recompense injury with justice, and kindness with kindness.' Yet Lao-tzu says, ‘Recompense injury with kindness.' Don't you see?† Joshua would dance around, scrolls trailing out behind him, hoping that somehow I would share his enthusiasm for the ancient texts. And I tried. I really did. â€Å"No, I don't see. The Torah says, ‘an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,' that is justice.† â€Å"Exactly,† said Joshua. â€Å"I think Lao-tzu is correct. Kindness precedes justice. As long as you seek justice by punishment you can only cause more suffering. How can that be right? This is a revelation!† â€Å"I learned how to boil down goat urine to make explosives today,† I said. â€Å"That's good too,† said Joshua. It could happen like that any time of the day or night. Joshua would come blazing out of the library in the middle of the night, interrupt me in the midst of some complex oily tangle of Pea Pod and Pillows and Tunnels – while Number Six familiarized us with the five hundred jade gods of various depths and textures – and he'd avert his eyes just long enough for me to towel off before he'd shove some codex in my hand and force me to read a passage while he waxed enthusiastic on the thoughts of some long-dead sage. â€Å"The Master says that ‘the superior man may indeed endure want, but the inferior man, when he experiences want, will give into unbridled excess.' He's talking about you, Biff. You're the inferior man.† â€Å"I'm so proud,† I told him, as I watched Number Six forlornly pack her gods into the warmed brass case where they resided. â€Å"Thank you for coming here to tell me that.† I was given the task of learning waidan, which is the alchemy of the external. My knowledge would come from the manipulation of the physical elements. Joshua, on the other hand, was learning neidan, the alchemy of the internal. His knowledge would come from the study of his own inner nature through the contemplation of the masters. So while Joshua read scrolls and books, I spent my time mixing quicksilver and lead, phosphorous and brimstone, charcoal and philosopher's stone, trying somehow to divine the nature of the Tao. Joshua was learning to be the Messiah and I was learning to poison people and blow stuff up. The world seemed very much in order. I was happy, Joshua was happy, Balthasar was happy, and the girls – well, the girls were busy. Although I passed the iron door every day (and the niggling voice persisted), what was behind it wasn't important to me, and neither were the answers to the dozen or so questions that Joshua and I should have put to our generous master. Before we knew it a year had passed, then two more, and we were celebrating the passage of Joshua's seventeenth birthday in the fortress. Balthasar had the girls prepare a feast of Chinese delicacies and we drank wine late into the night. (And long after that, and even when we had returned to Israel, we always ate Chinese food on Joshua's birthday. I'm told it became a tradition not only with those of us who knew Joshua, but with Jews everywhere.) â€Å"Do you ever think of home?† Joshua asked me the night of his birthday feast. â€Å"Sometimes,† I said. â€Å"What do you think of?† â€Å"Maggie,† I said. â€Å"Sometimes my brothers. Sometimes my mother and father, but always Maggie.† â€Å"Even with all your experiences since, you still think of Maggie?† Joshua had become less and less curious about the essence of lust. Initially I thought that his lack of interest had to do with the depth of his studies, but I then realized that his interest was fading along with the memory of Maggie. â€Å"Joshua, my memory of Maggie isn't about what happened the night before we left. I didn't go to see her thinking that we would make love. A kiss was more than I expected. I think of Maggie because I made a place in my heart for her to live, and it's empty. It always will be. It always was. She loved you.† â€Å"I'm sorry, Biff. I don't know how to heal that. I would if I could.† â€Å"I know, Josh. I know.† I didn't want to talk about home anymore, but Josh deserved to get off his chest whatever it was that was bothering him, and if not to me, to whom? â€Å"Do you ever think of home?† â€Å"Yes. That's why I asked. You know, the girls were cooking bacon today, and that made me think of home.† â€Å"Why? I don't remember anyone ever cooking bacon at home.† â€Å"I know, but if we ate some bacon, no one at home would ever know.† I got up and walked over to the half-wall that divided our rooms. There was moonlight coming through the window and Joshua's face had caught it and was glowing in that annoying way that it sometimes did. â€Å"Joshua, you're the Son of God. You're the Messiah. That implies – oh, I don't know – that you're a Jew! You can't eat bacon.† â€Å"God doesn't care if we eat bacon. I can just feel it.† â€Å"Really. He still feel the same way about fornication?† â€Å"Yep.† â€Å"Masturbation?† â€Å"Yep.† â€Å"Killing? Stealing? Bearing false witness? Coveting thy neighbor's wife, et cetera? No change of heart on those?† â€Å"Nope.† â€Å"Just bacon. Interesting. You would have thought there'd be something about bacon in the prophecies of Isaiah.† â€Å"Yeah, makes you wonder, doesn't it?† â€Å"You're going to need more than that to usher in the kingdom of God, Josh, no offense. We can't go home with, ‘Hi, I'm the Messiah, God wanted you to have this bacon.'† â€Å"I know. We have much more to learn. But breakfasts will be more interesting.† â€Å"Go to sleep, Josh.† As time passed, I seldom saw Joshua except at mealtimes and before we went to sleep. Nearly all my time was taken up with my studies and helping the girls maintain the fortress, while nearly all of Joshua's time was spent with Balthasar, which would eventually become a problem. â€Å"This is not good, Biff,† Joy said in Chinese. I'd learned to speak her language well enough that she seldom spoke Greek or Latin anymore. â€Å"Balthasar is getting too close with Joshua. He seldom sends for one of us to join him in his bed now.† â€Å"You're not implying that Joshua and Balthasar are, uh, playing shepherd, are you? Because I know that's not true. Joshua isn't allowed.† Of course the angel had said he couldn't know a woman, he hadn't said anything about a creepy old African wizard. â€Å"Oh, I don't care if they're buggering their eyeballs out,† said Joy. â€Å"Balthasar mustn't fall in love. Why do you think that there are eight of us?† â€Å"I thought it was a matter of budget,† I said. â€Å"You haven't noticed that one of us will never spend two nights in a row with Balthasar, or that we don't speak with him beyond what is required for our duties and lessons?† I had noticed, but it never occurred to me that there was something out of the ordinary. We hadn't gotten to the chapter on wizard – concubine behavior in the book yet. â€Å"So?† â€Å"So I think he is falling in love with Joshua. That is not good.† â€Å"Well, I'm with you on that one. I wasn't happy the last time someone fell in love with him. But why does it matter here?† â€Å"I can't tell you. But there has been more commotion coming from the house of doom,† said Joy. â€Å"You have to help me. If I'm right, we have to stop Balthasar. We'll observe them tomorrow while we adjust the flow of Chi in the library.† â€Å"No, Joy. Not library Chi. The stuff in the library is too heavy. I hate library Chi.† Chi or Qi: the breath of the dragon, the eternal energy that flows through all things; in balance, as it should be, it was half yin, half yang, half light, half dark, half male, half female. The Chi in the library was always getting fucked up, while the Chi in the rooms with just cushions, or with lightweight furniture, seemed well adjusted and balanced. I don't know why, but I suspected it had a lot to do with Joy's need to make me move heavy things. The next morning Joy and I went to the library to spy on Joshua and Balthasar while we redirected the library's Chi. Joy carried a complex brass instrument she called a Chi clock, which was supposed to be able to detect the flow of Chi. The magus was noticeably irritated as soon as we entered the room. â€Å"Must this be done now?† Joy bowed. â€Å"Very sorry, master, but this is an emergency.† She turned and barked commands at me like a Roman centurion. â€Å"Move that table over there, can't you see that it rests on the tiger's testicles? Then point those chairs so they face the doorway, they lie on the dragon's navel. We're lucky someone hasn't broken a leg.† â€Å"Yeah, lucky,† I said, straining to move the huge carved table, wishing that Joy had recruited a couple of the other girls to help. I'd been studying feng shui for more than three years now and I still couldn't detect the least bit of Chi, coming or going. Joshua had reconciled the elusive energy by saying that it was just an Oriental way to express God all around us and in all things. That may have helped him toward some sort of spiritual understanding, but it was about as effective as trained sheep when it came to arranging furniture. â€Å"Can I help?† Joshua asked. â€Å"No!† shouted Balthasar, standing up. â€Å"We will continue in my quarters.† The old wizard turned and glared at Joy and me. â€Å"And we are not to be disturbed, under any circumstances.† He took Joshua by the shoulder and led him out of the room. â€Å"So much for spying,† I said. Joy consulted the Chi clock and patted a cabinet filled with calligraphy materials. â€Å"This most certainly rides on the horn of the ox, it must be moved,† she pronounced. â€Å"They are gone,† I said. â€Å"We don't have to pretend at this anymore.† â€Å"Who is pretending? That cabinet channels all the yin into the hall, while the yang circles like a bird of prey.† â€Å"Joy, stop it. I know you're making this stuff up.† She dropped the brass instrument to her side. â€Å"I am not.† â€Å"Yes, you are.† And here I thought I'd push my credibility a bit, just to see. â€Å"I checked the yang in this room yesterday. It is in perfect balance.† Joy dropped to her hands and knees, crawled under one of the huge carved dragon tables, curled up into a ball, and began to cry. â€Å"I'm no good at this. Balthasar wants us all to know it, but I've never understood it. If you want the Elegant Torture of a Thousand Pleasant Touches, I can do it, you want someone poisoned, castrated, or blown up, I'm your man, but this feng shui stuff is just, just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Stupid?† I supplied. â€Å"No, I was going to say difficult. Now I've angered Balthasar and we have no way of knowing what is happening between him and Joshua. And we must know.† â€Å"I can find out,† I said, polishing my nails on my tunic. â€Å"But I have to know why I'm finding out.† â€Å"How will you find out?† â€Å"I have ways that are more subtle and crafty than all your Chinese alchemy and direction of energies.† â€Å"Now who's making things up?† I'd lost most of my credibility by dragging out the arcane-Hebrew-knowledge-for-sexual-favors ruse until I had actually claimed credit for receiving the tablets of the Ten Commandments as well as constructing the Ark of the Covenant. (What? It's not my fault. Joshua was the one who would never let me be Moses when we were kids.) â€Å"If I find out, will you tell me what is going on?† The head concubine chewed at an elegantly lacquered nail as she thought about it. â€Å"You promise not to tell anyone if I tell you? Not even your friend Joshua?† â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"Then do what you will. But remember your lessons from The Art of War.† I considered the words of Sun-tzu, which Joy had taught me: Be extremely subtle, even to the point of formlessness. Be extremely mysterious, even to the point of soundlessness. Thereby, you can be the director of the opponent's fate. So after considering strategy carefully, running and rejecting the various scenarios in my head, working out what seemed a nearly foolproof plan, and making sure the timing was perfect, I went into action. That very night, as I lay in my bed and Joshua in his, I called forth all my powers of subtlety and mysteriousness. â€Å"Hey Josh,† I said. â€Å"Balthasar sodomizing you?† â€Å"No!† â€Å"Vice versa?† â€Å"Absolutely not!† â€Å"You get the feeling he'd like to?† He was quiet for a second, then he said, â€Å"He's been very attentive lately. And he giggles at everything I say, why?† â€Å"Because Joy says it's not good if he falls in love with you.† â€Å"Well, it's not if he's expecting any sodomizing, I'll tell you that. That's going to be one disappointed magus.† â€Å"No, worse than that. She won't tell me what, but it's really, really bad.† â€Å"Biff, I realize you may not think so, but from my way of thinking, sodomizing the Son of God is really, really bad.† â€Å"Good point. But I think she means something to do with whatever is behind the iron door. Until I find out, you have to keep Balthasar from falling in love with you.† â€Å"I'll bet he was myrrh,† said Josh. â€Å"Bastard, he brings the cheapest gift and now he wants to sodomize me. My mother told me the myrrh went bad after a week too.† Did I mention that Joshua was not a myrrh fan?

Marxist Critique Of The Communist Manifesto, Marx And Engels

Mill’s Liberal Response to Marx’s Communist Critique of Capitalism Yujun Huang In The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels present the flaws of the modern capitalistic society by pointing out its unfair ruling class, the phenomenon of alienation, and excessive individuality in order to emphasize the aim of Communism of eliminating economic gaps between the social classes. According to On Liberty, Mill would respond to Marx by agreeing with Marx’s fundamental ideals and disagree with his socialist methods. Marx opposes a tyrannical government, objects alienation, and supports less individuality within the society; Mill resonances with Marx’s overall goal of achieving an ideal society that represents equality and classlessness, but his liberal ideology proves that he would disapprove of Marx’s proposed solutions to the issues of capitalism. Therefore, the similarities between Marx and Mill’s ideologies do not suggest that Marx and Mill have the same belief. 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